AP Unit 7: Equilibrium

Find these readings by topic

This earlier reading list remains available with its complete tasks. The current book places these resources in the following topic chapters:

• Solutions and solubility →

  Explain what is dissolved, how particle counts represent concentration, and how interactions and later equilibrium conditions determine solubility.

• Chemical equilibrium →

  Use dynamic particle reasoning and Q/K bookkeeping to predict equilibrium composition, disturbances and dissolution without confusing amount with rate.

• Acids, bases, and pH →

  Follow proton transfer and conjugate-pair equilibrium to explain pH, acid/base strength and pH-dependent dissolution.

• Buffers and titrations →

  Identify the species left after reacting amounts, then explain buffer response and titration curves with the model appropriate to each region.

• Entropy, free energy, and chemical change →

  Combine matter and energy dispersal with enthalpy and composition to explain chemical favorability, equilibrium and physically connected energy coupling.