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Omniguides by NOX
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Chapter 11 Problems

20 original chapter problems from Chemistry II, Chapter 3. Review quizzes remain in their original lessons.

Original reading → · Source answers and worked examples →

  1. AP edition reviewed revision. A rate constant is0.0332 s⁻¹. Assuming a conventional concentration-rate power law, with rate in M s⁻¹ and concentrations in M, what is the overall order? Does this identify the reactant powers individually?

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  2. AP edition reviewed revision. At constant volume and temperature, a1:1 reaction A+B→P starts with [A]₀=[B]₀=10.0 M and has no other sources or sinks. The following rounded formal data are supplied. Determine the supported standard disappearance model and its first half-life.
    Time(s)[A](M)
    010
    59.09
    108.333
    157.692
    207.142
    256.666
    306.25
    355.882

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  3. AP edition reviewed revision. Use the corrected table and maintained-equality model from Problem2. Assuming that fitted disappearance law remains valid outside the measured range, estimate when[A] reaches0.230 M.

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  4. AP edition reviewed revision. The source describes10 g solid NaHCO₃ added to10 mL of10 M acetic acid, gives k=0.02324 L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ and asks for CO₂ volume after5 min at1 atm and25 °C. The balanced net stoichiometry is NaHCO₃+CH₃COOH→CH₃COONa+H₂O+CO₂. Explain why no unique time-dependent gas volume follows from these supplied data. Identify the missing kinetic information.

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  5. AP edition reviewed revision. Use the reviewed graphs in Gallery3.4.2. Each represents the same supplied model[A](t)=exp(2.4998−0.0230t) M, with t in seconds. Determine the supported order and rate constant, including units.

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  6. AP edition reviewed revision. Quantitative enrichment: a hypothetical first-order disappearance model has A=4.31 s⁻¹, Eₐ=422 kJ mol⁻¹ and T=45.0 °C. Use R=8.314 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. Find k and its half-life;[A]₀=4.00 M. Keep the stated422 kJ mol⁻¹ value.

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  7. AP edition reviewed replacement. Reviewed replacement with an explicit target: A hypothetical undissolved solute population obeys dnu/dt=−0.320nu s⁻¹, beginning at4.00 mol. A monitor’s threshold for this remaining population is5.00 mg NaCl-equivalent per kilogram of water; water mass=10.0 kg and equivalent molar mass=58.44 g mol⁻¹. Find the time to the threshold. This changes the source’s ambiguous target; dissolved ions would increase during dissolution, rather than disappear.

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  8. AP edition reviewed revision. Quantitative enrichment: two supplied first-order disappearance plots in Gallery3.4.3 have ln([AB]/1 M)=4.85−0.230t at85.0 °C and4.85−0.0500t at35.0 °C, with t in seconds. AB is the defined remaining modeled population, not a measured increase of dissolved ions. Estimate Eₐ and A using the same Arrhenius model at both temperatures and R=8.314 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹.

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  9. AP edition reviewed revision. Three schematic processes have explicitly supplied event rates r₁=0.00325[AB][CD], r₂=0.221[AB] and r₃=0.322[A⁺][B⁻], each in M s⁻¹. AB is consumed once per event in processes1 and2, and produced once per event in3. The bimolecular constants have L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ units and0.221 has s⁻¹ units. Write net AB disappearance.

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  10. AP edition reviewed replacement. Reviewed schematic population model: X₁→X₂→X₃→X₄ consists of irreversible1:1 first-order conversions with k₁=0.411, k₂=0.121 and k₃=0.523 s⁻¹. X labels count equivalent conserved units; these are not unbalanced nitrogen chemical equations. Find the half-life of X₁. Which step has the longest isolated first-order lifetime, and why does that alone not determine every instantaneous step flux?

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  11. AP edition reviewed revision. Quantitative enrichment: a hypothetical fixed-volume1:1 A+B→P disappearance law is −d[A]/dt=k[A][B]. Both initial concentrations are10.0 M, with no additional sources or sinks. A=0.0324 L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ and Eₐ=24.0 kJ mol⁻¹. Compare time to[A]=3.00 M at35.0 versus20.0 °C, using R=8.314 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. Treat these concentrations as formal model data.

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  12. AP edition reviewed revision. A supplied1:1 disappearance law is −d[A]/dt=k[A][B], with k=0.0734 L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. A reservoir holds[B]=10.0 M constant. Find A’s half-life in this formal model.

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  13. AP edition reviewed revision. Two supplied irreversible first-order sinks of A have k₁=0.0003242 and k₂=0.000632 s⁻¹. The following formal concentration data include an additional unidentified sink. Show that the two known sinks are insufficient, and explain why the table alone does not uniquely establish one simple order for the extra process.
    Time(s)[A](M)
    020
    3014.6
    6010.5
    907.35
    1204.97
    1503.14
    1801.72
    2100.596

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  14. AP edition reviewed revision. The source describes precipitation while a solution warms at5.00 °C min⁻¹ from35.0 °C, and asks when it boils. Explain why rate constants and ion concentrations alone do not establish the boiling temperature. As a separate stipulated temperature-threshold calculation, find time to100.0 °C if the given constant temperature-rise rate continues.

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  15. AP edition reviewed revision. The source calls iron oxidation pseudo-first-order but supplies k=3.2421 L mol⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and says oxygen is constant without giving its value. Explain why the time to24% conversion is underdetermined. Give the expression if the law were specifically −d[A]/dt=k[A][O₂].

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  16. AP edition reviewed revision. Two formal reactions consume A: A+B→AB has event rate r₁=0.23511[A]², and2A→A₂ has event rate r₂=0.331[A]. Their constants use L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ and s⁻¹, respectively. Write A disappearance and explain why time to95% consumption and product amounts need more information.

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  17. AP edition reviewed revision. A source sequence supplies r₁=0.753[A][BC] and r₂=0.441 for a following step using AB. Initially[A]=[BC]=5.00 M. Explain what is missing before a crossover time can identify a kinetic bottleneck. As a conditional capacity comparison only, state the concentration at which r₁ equals0.441 M s⁻¹ when[A]=[BC].

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  18. AP edition reviewed replacement. Reviewed replacement: A hypothetical auxiliary reactant R is consumed1:1 with A during a first stage: −d[A]/dt=−d[R]/dt=0.320 M s⁻¹ while R remains. [R]₀=3.00 M and[A]₀=5.00 M. When R reaches zero, A follows −d[A]/dt=0.02421[A] s⁻¹. Find time from the start to[A]=1.00 M. R is a consumed reactant, not a catalyst.

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  19. AP edition reviewed replacement. Reviewed replacement: A hypothetical remaining material fraction f obeys −df/dt=k p f. k=5.00 atm⁻¹ h⁻¹, and a reservoir keeps the relevant gas partial pressure p=0.210 atm. Find the time for f to fall from1.00 to0.200. This abstract supplied model is not a wood-burning prediction or experimental procedure.

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  20. AP edition reviewed replacement. Reviewed replacement: A hypothetical ideal-gas reservoir model has A₂+B₂→2 AB. Reservoirs keep x(A₂)=x(B₂)=0.0400 and total molar density C=P/(RT) fixed, with P=1.00 atm,T=298.15 K,R=0.082057 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. The event rate is r=0.321[A₂][B₂] M s⁻¹; AB initially has zero concentration and accumulates without removal until x(AB)=0.0100. Find the model time. This is an abstract calculation, not a room-exposure scenario.

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